Timbal
The Timbal has a deep bass tone and a light treble tone that is created by striking the rim and is very light to enable the people carrying it to walk and parade around carnivals conveniently.
Caixa
Caixa is a Portuguese snare drum. The caixa that has metal snares is called the Caixa de Guerra (war drum) and is very similar to typical snare drums in tone. These are played with drumsticks in a similar fashion to marching drums. It is sometimes held on the shoulder to project the sharp rhythm over the crowds of dancing paraders.
Cuica
Cuica is perhaps the most characteristic sound of Samba, the Cuica has a stick attached to a resonating membrane such that when a wet cloth creates friction on the stick, a squeaking noise is made.
Pandeiro
The pandeiro is a kind of tambourine that has a single head with jingles around the rim that accentuate the strikes.
Apito
The Apito shown in the picture on the left is a wooden version of the Apito. It is used for signaling stops and breaks by the leader.